ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chicago Defender

CTL-E-1162 · Archive · other · unspecified

Verified evidence grade of this record

Digitized Defender archive (1909-2010)

Notes

Merged into canonical KG 2026-10-03 from BPM-003; source entity IDs: CTL-DR-BPM-003:arc-proquest; source research type(s): archive. Era not present in source research record(s); marked unspecified pending human review.

Sources

ProQuest

Record CTL-E-1162 · CultureTechLens Knowledge Graph · evidence grade: Verified · CTL research: BPM-003.
Directory: all entity records · the knowledge graph

Cite as: CultureTechLens, “ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chicago Defender (CTL-E-1162),” October 4, 2026. https://culturetechlens.com/graph/entities/ctl-e-1162/

From the Archive

The archive in pictures

The Black press and the hands that kept the record. Photographs from the CultureTechLens research record — rights-cleared, credited, and cited like everything else here.

Press room of the Richmond Planet newspaper, 1899Photo: Library of Congress, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Gwendolyn Brooks, portraitPhoto: John Mathew Smith, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Ida B. Wells — portrait from ‘Women of Distinction’ (1893)Photo: Public Domain (from ‘Women of Distinction,’ 1893), via Wikimedia Commons

Trust & evidence

Evidence before authority. CultureTechLens publishes its methods, its limits, and its corrections alongside its findings. Claims carry grades — VERIFIED, SUPPORTED, PROVISIONAL, DISPUTED, UNRESOLVED — and unknowns are never reported as zero.

Every claim graded. Every source named. Every correction public — none to date.