Kenneth B. Clark

CTL-E-6015 · Person · educator · 1914–2005

VERIFIED evidence grade — build store (JSON graph)

Combined Graph record U-07244 · provenance: build store (JSON graph), record CTL-E-6015.

Kenneth Bancroft Clark was a psychologist and educator whose research with his wife and collaborator, Mamie Phipps Clark, helped change American law. Born in the Panama Canal Zone in 1914 and raised in Harlem, he earned bachelor's and master's degrees at Howard University and, in 1940, a doctorate in psychology from Columbia University. Working from Mamie Clark's master's research on self-identification in Black children, the Clarks developed their celebrated doll experiments, which documented how segregation taught Black children to devalue themselves. Their findings were presented in school desegregation litigation and cited in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. In 1946 the Clarks founded Harlem's Northside Center for Child Development, a full-time child guidance center. Clark became the first African American tenured full professor at the City College of New York, the first African American president of the American Psychological Association, and the first African American appointed to the New York State Board of Regents. His books include Prejudice and Your Child and Dark Ghetto.

The record

• Also known as: Kenneth Bancroft Clark

Notes

Staged 2026-10-16 under CTL-GOV-006 (Scan Tail Wave 3 — 747 Program, Wave 10; third Scan Tail packet at the founder's 40-record size). Gate A (2026-10-16): no Kenneth B. Clark entity in the live graph at 3,683 entities (exact / normalized / alias + token containment); ID CTL-E-6015 free. Supply: 747 Supply Ledger, Tier 4 — Scan Tail Wave 2 packet ordered reserve, position 10 of 25 (corpus-gap-candidates-2026-10-15.json ranked clean survivor #1045). The scan supplied the NAME STRING ONLY; no fact in this record is sourced to it (CTL-GOV-004). SCOPE GATE: PASS — National figure in psychology, education, and civil-rights litigation; Harlem-based career, included for the Brown v. Board evidentiary record. Vital status: DECEASED — verified: APA records his death in 2005 and the Congressional Record tribute of May 3, 2005 honors him posthumously; death date May 1, 2005 per Wikipedia's dated entry. STATISTICS (sourced, dated): No sales or population statistics claimed. CONFLICT SHOWN: the APA page states Clark 'passed in 2005 at age 91,' while the dated record (born July 24, 1914; died May 1, 2005, per Wikipedia and the Congressional Record tribute) computes to age 90 — both figures are shown; the dates, not the APA age, are used in this record. MEDIA: photo HELD (Named candidate: Library of Congress photograph of Kenneth and Mamie Clark with Minnijean Brown in the Clark living room, 1958 (LOOK Magazine Collection, Prints & Photographs Division; verify rights status under PHOTO-001 before use — HELD). named as candidate; no file-page verification in this pass); chart FILLED (charts/chart-ctl-e-6015-kenneth-b-clark.svg); video HELD (no matching-entity CTL Short or verified-rights archival video staged); audio HELD (no rights-cleared matching-entity audio staged). MEDIA LAYER (staged 2026-10-16; full per-asset PHOTO-001 records + embed specs in the packet's staged JSON, Drive packet folder): map = N/A (Non-place record; no map attaches at the entity layer.) | visual_assets = HELD: | chart = FILLED (CTL-created SVG (black / deep red / gold) built only from this record's sourced facts) | video = HELD (No Short in the Shorts Link Map has Kenneth B. Clark as its subject. No video attached.) | audio = HELD (No audiobook excerpt or author recording with a CTL rights basis was staged in this pass.)

Referenced by

• Columbia University — has alumnus → this record
• Howard University — has alumnus → this record

Sources

• American Psychological Association, Featured Psychologists: Mamie Phipps Clark and Kenneth Clark — Howard and Columbia degrees, doll experiments, Northside Center 1946, APA presidency and Regents firsts, Brown testimony, death 2005 — https://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/ethnicity-health/psychologists/clark (primary source · build store)
• Library of Congress Research Guide, Kenneth Bancroft Clark — Panama Canal Zone birth, 1919 move to New York, Columbia PhD 1940, City College career, Northside Center cofounding, APA presidency — http://guides.loc.gov/african-american-innovation/kenneth-bancroft-clark (primary source · build store)
• Wikipedia, Kenneth and Mamie Clark — birth July 24, 1914 and death May 1, 2005, Briggs v. Elliott expert testimony combined into Brown — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_B._Clark (build store)

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