Voice over Internet Protocol

CTL-W-1358 · Work

VERIFIED evidence grade — master store (canonical CSV)

Combined Graph record U-03264 · provenance: canonical master store (CSV), record CTL-W-1358. Master record source: User-supplied article 2026-10-16 (UrbanGeekz) — UNVERIFIED, verify before public citation.

Transmitting voice as digital signals over the internet — the basis of Skype, Zoom, WhatsApp calls

The record

• Year: 1990s
• Work type: invention

Relationships

• Marian Croak — authored by
  STRONG EVIDENCE

Sources

• https://www.invent.org/inductees/marian-croak (verification source · master store)

Evidence note (master store)

NIHF Croak profile: VoIP technologies 'converting voice data into digital signals that can be easily transmitted over the internet rather than using traditional phone lines'; widespread VoIP 'vital for remote work and conferencing, as well as personal communications' — supports stored note (basis of Skype/Zoom/WhatsApp-style calling). The '1990s' dating rests on the UrbanGeekz seed ('early 1990s she spearheaded VoIP'); NIHF does not date it — see flags.

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Record CTL-W-1358 · Combined Graph record U-03264 · CultureTechLens Knowledge Graph · 1 source · 1 mapped relationship.
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Researched and maintained by the CultureTechLens research program · CultureTechLens Combined Graph, Release 2026-11-04. Corrections are public: the corrections log.

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